Medicare 101

The four parts of Medicare, explained without the alphabet soup. Start here if you're new to Medicare or just want a refresher.

The building blocks

Medicare comes in four parts.

Original Medicare is Parts A and B, run directly by the federal government. Parts C and D are offered through private insurance companies that contract with Medicare.

Part A — Hospital Insurance

Covers inpatient hospital stays, skilled nursing facility care, hospice, and some home health care. Most people don't pay a premium for Part A because they paid Medicare taxes while working.

Part B — Medical Insurance

Covers doctor visits, outpatient care, preventive services, and durable medical equipment. Part B carries a monthly premium set by Medicare each year.

Part C — Medicare Advantage

An alternative way to get Parts A and B (and usually Part D) through a private plan, often bundled with dental, vision, and wellness extras.

Learn about Advantage →

Part D — Prescription Drug Coverage

Standalone drug plans that work alongside Original Medicare to help cover the cost of prescription medications.

Learn about Part D →

The big decision

Original Medicare vs. Medicare Advantage

Nearly every Medicare 101 conversation eventually comes down to one choice: stick with Original Medicare (Parts A & B), usually paired with a Supplement and a standalone Part D plan, or enroll in a Medicare Advantage (Part C) plan instead.

Original Medicare + Supplement: broader provider access nationwide, predictable out-of-pocket costs, higher monthly premium.
Medicare Advantage: often lower premiums and extra benefits, but typically requires in-network providers.

There's no universally "better" option — the right fit depends on your doctors, travel habits, medications, and budget. That comparison is exactly what we help with.

Couple reviewing Medicare paperwork with an advisor

Common questions

Medicare 101 FAQ

Do I have to enroll in Medicare at 65?

Not always — it depends on whether you or a spouse have employer coverage. Missing your enrollment window without qualifying coverage can mean a permanent late-enrollment penalty, so it's worth checking your specific situation. See our Turning 65 page for the timelines.

Is Medicare free?

Part A is usually premium-free if you or a spouse paid Medicare taxes for at least 10 years. Part B, Part D, and any Supplement or Advantage plan typically carry their own premiums.

Can I change my plan every year?

Yes. The Annual Enrollment Period (October 15 – December 7) lets you switch Medicare Advantage or Part D plans for the following year. Other enrollment periods apply in specific situations.

What doesn't Medicare cover?

Original Medicare doesn't include routine dental, vision, or hearing care. That's why many beneficiaries add a standalone dental & vision plan or choose a Medicare Advantage plan that bundles it in.